April 9 Information

April 9 is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 266 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 193 – Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans).
• 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (Enkyklikon) to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position.
• 1241 – Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol forces defeat the Polish and German armies.
• 1388 – Despite being outnumbered 16 to 1, forces of the Old Swiss Confederacy are victorious over the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Näfels.
• 1413 – Henry V is crowned King of England.
• 1440 – Christopher of Bavaria is appointed King of Denmark.
• 1511 – St John's College, Cambridge, England, founded by Lady Margaret Beaufort, receives its charter.
• 1585 – The expedition organised by Sir Walter Raleigh departs England for Roanoke Island (now in North Carolina) to establish the Roanoke Colony.
• 1609 – Eighty Years' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce.
• 1682 – Robert Cavelier de La Salle discovers the mouth of the Mississippi River, claims it for France and names it Louisiana.
• 1782 – American War of Independence: Battle of the Saintes begins.
• 1860 – On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.
• 1852 – At a general conference of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Brigham Young explains the Adam–God doctrine, an important part of the theology of Mormon fundamentalism.
• 1865 – American Civil War: Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia (26,765 troops) to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, effectively ending the war.
• 1867 – Alaska purchase: Passing by a single vote, the United States Senate ratifies a treaty with Russia for the purchase of Alaska.
• 1909 – The U.S. Congress passes the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act.
• 1914 – Mexican Revolution: One of the world's first naval/air skirmishes takes place off the coast of western Mexico.
• 1916 – World War I: The Battle of Verdun – German forces launch their third offensive of the battle.
• 1917 – World War I: The Battle of Arras – the battle begins with Canadian Corps executing a massive assault on Vimy Ridge.
• 1918 – World War I: The Battle of the Lys – the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps is crushed by the German forces during what is called the Spring Offensive on the Belgian region of Flanders.
• 1918 – The National Council of Bessarabia proclaims union with the Kingdom of Romania.
• 1937 – The Kamikaze arrives at Croydon Airport in London – it is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe.
• 1939 – Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial, after being denied the right to sing at the Daughters of the American Revolution's Constitution Hall.
• 1940 – World War II: Operation Weserübung – Germany invades Denmark and Norway.
• 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Bataan/Bataan Death March – United States forces surrender on the Bataan Peninsula. The Japanese Navy launches an air raid on Trincomalee in Ceylon (Sri Lanka); Royal Navy aircraft carrier HMS Hermes and Royal Australian Navy Destroyer HMAS Vampire are sunk off the island's east coast.
• 1945 – World War II: The German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer is sunk.
• 1945 – World War II: The Battle of Königsberg, in East Prussia, ends.
• 1945 – The United States Atomic Energy Commission is formed.
• 1947 – The Glazier-Higgins-Woodward tornadoes kill 181 and injure 970 in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.
• 1947 – The Journey of Reconciliation, the first interracial Freedom Ride begins through the upper South in violation of Jim Crow laws. The riders wanted enforcement of the United States Supreme Court's 1946 Irene Morgan decision that banned racial segregation in interstate travel.
• 1948 – Jorge Eliécer Gaitán's assassination provokes a violent riot in Bogotá (the Bogotazo), and a further ten years of violence in Colombia known as La violencia.
• 1948 – Fighters from the Irgun and Lehi Zionist paramilitary groups attacked Deir Yassin near Jerusalem, killing over 100.
• 1952 – Hugo Ballivian's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalisation of tin mines
• 1957 – The Suez Canal in Egypt is cleared and opens to shipping.
• 1959 – Project Mercury: NASA announces the selection of the United States' first seven astronauts, whom the news media quickly dub the "Mercury Seven".
• 1961 – The Pacific Electric Railway in Los Angeles, once the largest electric railway in the world, ends operations.
• 1965 – Astrodome opens. First indoor baseball game is played.
• 1967 – The first Boeing 737 (a 100 series) makes its maiden flight.
• 1968 – Funeral of Martin Luther King, Jr.
• 1969 – The "Chicago Eight" plead not guilty to federal charges of conspiracy to incite a riot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1969 – The first British-built Concorde 002 makes its maiden flight from Filton to RAF Fairford.
• 1975 – The first game of the Philippine Basketball Association, the second oldest professional basketball league in the world.
• 1975 – 8 people in South Korea, who are involved in People's Revolutionary Party Incident, are hanged.
• 1980 – The Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein kills philosopher Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and his sister Bint al-Huda after three days of torture.
• 1981 – The U.S. Navy nuclear submarine USS George Washington (SSBN-598) accidentally collides with the Nissho Maru, a Japanese cargo ship, sinking it.
• 1989 – The April 9 tragedy in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR an anti-Soviet peaceful demonstration and hunger strikes, demanding restoration of Georgian independence is dispersed by the Soviet army, resulting in 20 deaths and hundreds of injuries.
• 1992 – A U.S. Federal Court finds former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega guilty of drug and racketeering charges. He is sentenced to 30 years in prison.
• 1992 – John Major's Conservative Party wins an unprecedented fourth general election victory in the United Kingdom.
• 2003 – 2003 invasion of Iraq: Baghdad falls to American forces;Saddam Hussein statue topples as Iraqis turn on symbols of their former leader, pulling down the statue and tearing it to pieces.
• 2005 – Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall; Charles, Prince of Wales marries Camilla Parker Bowles in a civil ceremony at Windsor's Guildhall.
• 2009 – In Tbilisi, Georgia, up to 60,000 people protest against the government of Mikheil Saakashvili.
• 2011 – A gunman murdered five people, injured eleven, and committed suicide in a mall in the Netherlands.

Births

• 1498 – John, Cardinal of Lorraine, French churchman (d. 1550)
• 1597 – John Davenport, Connecticut pioneer (d. 1670)
• 1634 – Albertine Agnes of Nassau, Regent of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe (d. 1696)
• 1648 – Henri de Massue, Marquis de Ruvigny, 1st Viscount Galway, French soldier and diplomat (d. 1720)
• 1649 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II of Great Britain (d. 1685)
• 1680 – Philippe Néricault Destouches, French dramatist (d. 1754)
• 1686 – James Craggs the Younger, British politician (d. 1721)
• 1691 – Johann Matthias Gesner, German classical scholar (d. 1761)
• 1757 – Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, British admiral (d. 1833)
• 1770 – Thomas Johann Seebeck, German physicist (d. 1831)
• 1773 – Étienne Aignan, French writer (d. 1824)
• 1794 – Theobald Boehm, German inventor of the modern flute (d. 1881)
• 1806 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel, British engineer (d. 1859)
• 1821 – Charles Baudelaire, French poet (d. 1867)
• 1830 – Eadweard Muybridge, English-born photographer and motion picture pioneer (d. 1904)
• 1835 – King Leopold II of Belgium (d. 1909)
• 1846 – Paolo Tosti, Italian composer (d. 1916)
• 1865 – Erich Ludendorff, German general in World War I (d. 1937)
• 1865 – Charles Proteus Steinmetz, German-born engineer and mathematician (d. 1923)
• 1867 – Chris Watson, third Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1941)
• 1872 – Léon Blum, French prime minister (d. 1950)
• 1882 – Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, (d. 1946)
• 1888 – Sol Hurok, Russian-born impresario (d. 1974)
• 1889 – Efrem Zimbalist, Russian violinist (d. 1985)
• 1893 – Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan, Indian historian, writer, scholar (d. 1963)
• 1895 – Michel Simon, French actor (d. 1975)
• 1897 – John B. Gambling, American radio talk show host (d. 1974)
• 1898 – Earl "Curly" Lambeau, American football coach, executive (d. 1965)
• 1898 – Paul Robeson, American singer and activist (d. 1976)
• 1900 – Allen Jenkins, American actor (d. 1974)
• 1901 – Paul Willis, American actor (d. 1960)
• 1903 – Ward Bond, American actor (d. 1960)
• 1904 – Sharkey Bonano, American musician (d. 1972)
• 1905 – J. William Fulbright, American politician (d. 1995)
• 1906 – Rafaela Aparicio, Spanish actress (d. 1996)
• 1906 – Antal Dorati, Hungarian conductor (d. 1988)
• 1908 – Joseph Krumgold, American author and scriptwriter
• 1908 – Victor Vasarely, Hungarian-born painter (d. 1997)
• 1910 – Abraham Ribicoff, American politician (d. 1998)
• 1912 – Lev Kopelev, Russian author (d. 1997)
• 1913 – Smaro Stefanidou, Greek actress (d. 2010)
• 1915 – Daniel Johnson, Sr., Canadian politician (d. 1968)
• 1917 – Johannes Bobrowski, German lyricist and writer (d. 1965)
• 1917 – Brad Dexter, American actor (d. 2002)
• 1918 – Jørn Utzon, Danish architect (d. 2008)
• 1919 – J. Presper Eckert, American computer pioneer (d. 1995)
• 1921 – Jean-Marie Balestre, French motorsports official (FIA) (d. 2008)
• 1921 – Frankie Thomas, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1922 – Carl Amery, German writer (d. 2005)
• 1926 – Hugh Hefner, American entrepreneur and publisher
• 1928 – Paul Arizin, American basketball player (d. 2006)
• 1928 – Tom Lehrer, American satirist and mathematician
• 1930 – Nathaniel Branden, Canadian psychotherapist
• 1930 – F. Albert Cotton, American chemist (d. 2007)
• 1931 – Richard Hatfield, Canadian politician (d. 1991)
• 1932 – Jim Fowler, American zoologist
• 1932 – Armin Jordan, Swiss conductor (d. 2006)
• 1932 – Carl Perkins, American musician (d. 1998)
• 1933 – Jean-Paul Belmondo, French actor
• 1933 – Fern Michaels, American author
• 1934 – Bill Birch, New Zealand politician
• 1935 – Avery Schreiber, American actor (d. 2002)
• 1936 – Valerie Solanas, American feminist, attempted murderer of Andy Warhol (d. 1988)
• 1937 – Marty Krofft, Canadian television producer
• 1937 – Valerie Singleton, British television presenter
• 1938 – Viktor Chernomyrdin, Russian politician (d. 2010)
• 1939 – Michael Learned, American actress
• 1940 – Jim Roberts, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1941 – Kay Adams, American country singer
• 1941 – Chu Song-woong, Korean stage actor (d. 1985)
• 1941 – Hannah Gordon, British actress
• 1942 – Brandon De Wilde, American actor (d. 1972)
• 1943 – Terry Knight, American music promoter (d. 2004)
• 1945 – Steve Gadd, American session drummer
• 1945 – Peter Gammons, American sports journalist
• 1946 – David Webb, English footballer and coach
• 1948 – Jaya Bachchan, Indian actress
• 1953 – Hal Ketchum, American musician
• 1954 – Dennis Quaid, American actor
• 1954 – Iain Duncan Smith, British politician
• 1955 – Joolz Denby, English poet and novelist
• 1955 – Kate Heyhoe, American food writer
• 1956 – Miguel Ángel Russo, Argentine footballer
• 1957 – Brian Alexander, British broadcaster
• 1957 – Seve Ballesteros, Spanish golfer (d. 2011)
• 1957 – Martin Margiela, Belgian fashion designer
• 1961 – Mark Kelly, British keyboard player (Marillion)
• 1961 – Kirk McCaskill, pro baseball and hockey player
• 1962 – Ihor Podolchak, Ukrainian artist and film director
• 1962 – Imran Sherwani, British field hockey player
• 1963 – Marc Jacobs, American fashion designer
• 1963 – Joe Scarborough, American television personality
• 1964 – Rob Awalt, American football player
• 1964 – Margaret Peterson Haddix, American author
• 1964 – Soyo Oka, Japanese musician
• 1964 – Rick Tocchet, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1965 – Jay Wesley Neill, American murderer (d. 2002)
• 1965 – Mark Pellegrino, American actor
• 1965 – Paulina Porizkova, Czechoslovakian actress and supermodel
• 1965 – Jeff Zucker, American television executive
• 1966 – Cynthia Nixon, American actress
• 1967 – Alex Kahn, American artist
• 1970 – Mike Barz, American meteorologist and TV anchor
• 1970 – Tricia Penrose, British actress and singer
• 1971 – Peter Canavan, Gaelic footballer
• 1971 – Earl Cole, Winner of Survivor: Fiji
• 1971 – Austin Peck, American actor
• 1971 – Johan Verheyden, Belgian journalist and author
• 1971 – Jacques Villeneuve, Canadian racing driver
• 1971 – Leo Fortune-West, English footballer
• 1972 – Bernard Ackah, Ivorian mixed martial artist and comedian
• 1973 – Spenny Rice, Canadian entertainer
• 1974 – Jenna Jameson, American pornographic actress
• 1974 – Alexander Pichushkin, Russian serial killer
• 1975 – Robbie Fowler, English footballer
• 1975 – David Gordon Green, American filmmaker
• 1977 – Gerard Way, American singer (My Chemical Romance)
• 1978 – Jorge Andrade, Portuguese footballer
• 1978 – Vesna Pisarović, Croatian singer
• 1978 – Rachel Stevens, English singer (S Club)
• 1978 – Veronica Taylor, American actress
• 1979 – Albert Hammond, Jr., American guitarist (The Strokes)
• 1979 – Katsuni, French pornographic actress
• 1979 – Keith Nobbs, American actor
• 1979 – Keshia Knight Pulliam, American actress
• 1979 – Jeff Reed, American football player
• 1980 – Clueso, German singer, rapper, songwriter and producer
• 1980 – Yoanna House, American model
• 1980 – Jerko Leko, Croatian footballer
• 1981 – Milan Bartovič, Slovak ice hockey player
• 1981 – Ireneusz Jeleń, Polish footballer
• 1981 – Dennis Sarfate, American baseball player
• 1982 – Jay Baruchel, Canadian actor
• 1982 – Carlos Hernández, Costa Rican footballer
• 1984 – Linda Chung, Canadian/Hong Kong actress and singer
• 1984 – Adam Loewen, Canadian baseball player
• 1985 – Tomohisa Yamashita, Japanese actor and singer (NEWS)
• 1985 – Antonio Nocerino, Italian footballer
• 1985 – David Robertson, American baseball player
• 1986 – Brian Larsen, American musician and record producer
• 1986 – Leighton Meester, American singer and actress
• 1987 – Craig Mabbitt, American singer (Escape the Fate)
• 1987 – Jesse McCartney, American actor and singer
• 1987 – Jarrod Mullen, Australian rugby league footballer
• 1987 – Jazmine Sullivan, American R&B singer
• 1988 – Dino Imperial, Filipino actor
• 1988 – Michel Alves Baroni, Brazilian footballer
• 1988 – Uee, South Korean actress and singer (After School)
• 1989 – Danielle Kahle, American figure skater
• 1990 – Kristen Stewart, American actress
• 1998 – Elle Fanning, American actress
• 2000 – Jackie Evancho, child singer

Deaths

• 93 – Yuan An, Minister over the Masses of the Han dynasty
• 491 – Zeno, Byzantine Emperor
• 715 – Pope Constantine
• 1024 – Pope Benedict VIII
• 1137 – William X, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 1099)
• 1305 – Lord Borchard de Herle, English Diplomat (b. 1268)
• 1483 – King Edward IV of England (b. 1442)
• 1484 – Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales (b. 1473)
• 1492 – Lorenzo de' Medici, Italian statesmen (b. 1449)
• 1553 – François Rabelais, French writer
• 1557 – Mikael Agricola, Finnish scholar (b. c. 1510)
• 1626 – Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher, statesman, and essayist (b. 1561)
• 1654 – Matei Basarab, Prince of Wallachia (b. 1588)
• 1693 – Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy, French writer (b. 1618)
• 1747 – Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, Scottish clan chief
• 1754 – Christian Wolff, German philosopher (b. 1679)
• 1761 – William Law, British minister (b. 1686)
• 1804 – Jacques Necker, French statesman (b. 1732)
• 1806 – King William V of Orange (b. 1748)
• 1872 – Erastus Corning, American businessman and politician (b. 1794)
• 1876 – Charles Goodyear, American politician (b. 1804)
• 1889 – Michel Eugène Chevreul, French chemist (b. 1786)
• 1909 – Helena Modjeska, Polish-American actress (b. 1840)
• 1917 – James Hope Moulton, British Classical Greek scholar (b. 1863)
• 1922 – Hans Fruhstorfer, German lepidoterist (b. 1866)
• 1926 – Zip the Pinhead, American side show performer (b. c. 1857)
• 1936 – Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist (b. 1855)
• 1940 – Mrs. Patrick Campbell, British actress (b. 1865)
• 1944 – Yevgeniya Rudneva, Russian pilot (b. 1920)
• 1945 – Wilhelm Canaris, German resistance figure (b. 1887)
• 1945 – Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German resistance figure (b. 1906)
• 1945 – Georg Elser, German resistance figure (b. 1903)
• 1945 – Hans Oster, German resistance figure (b. 1887)
• 1945 – Hans von Dohnanyi, German resistance figure (b. 1902)
• 1945 – Karl Sack, German resistance figure (b. 1896)
• 1948 – George Carpenter, Australian Salvation Army general (b. 1872)
• 1948 – Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Colombian politician (b. 1903)
• 1951 – Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist (b. 1862)
• 1953 – Eddie Cochems, American football player and coach (b. 1877)
• 1953 – C.E.M. Joad, English philosopher and broadcaster (b. 1891)
• 1959 – Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect (b. 1867)
• 1961 – King Zog I of Albania (b. 1895)
• 1963 – Eddie Edwards, American jazz tromboner (b. 1891)
• 1970 – Gustaf Tenggren, Swedish illustrator (b. 1896)
• 1976 – Dagmar Nordstrom, American composer, pianist (b. 1903)
• 1976 – Phil Ochs, American singer (b. 1940)
• 1978 – Clough Williams-Ellis, Welsh architect (b. 1883)
• 1980 – Bint al-Huda, Islamic writer (b. 1938)
• 1980 – Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, Islamic philosopher and economist (b. 1935)
• 1982 – Wilfrid Pelletier, Canadian conductor (b. 1896)
• 1988 – Brook Benton, American singer (b. 1931)
• 1988 – David Prater, American singer (Sam & Dave) (b. 1937)
• 1991 – Martin Hannett, record producer (b. 1948)
• 1993 – Joseph B. Soloveitchik, American Orthodox rabbi, Talmudist and modern Jewish philosopher (b. 1903)
• 1996 – Richard Condon, American novelist (b. 1915)
• 1996 – James W. Rouse, American real estate developer, activist, and philanthropist (b. 1914)
• 1997 – Helene Hanff, American writer (b. 1916)
• 1997 – Mae Boren Axton, American singer and songwriter (b. 1914)
• 1998 – Tom Cora, American cellist and composer (b. 1953)
• 1999 – Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, Niger politician and general (b. 1949)
• 2001 – Willie Stargell, American baseball player (b. 1940)
• 2002 – Leopold Vietoris, Austrian mathematician (b. 1891)
• 2002 – Pat Flaherty, American racecar driver (b. 1926)
• 2003 – Earl Bramblett, American murderer (b. 1942)
• 2005 – Andrea Dworkin, American feminist activist and writer (b. 1946)
• 2006 – Billy Hitchcock, American baseball player, coach, and official (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Vilgot Sjöman, Swedish writer and film director (b. 1924)
• 2007 – Egon Bondy, Czech philosopher and writer (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Nick Adenhart, American baseball player (b. 1986)
• 2010 – Zoltán Varga, Hungarian footballer (b. 1945)
• 2010 – Aladár Kovácsi, Hungarian track and field athlete (b. 1932)
• 2011 – Sidney Lumet, American film director (b. 1924)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Gaucherius
  • Materiana
  • Waltrude
  • April 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Martyrs' Day (Tunisia)
• Day of National Unity (Georgia)
• Day of the Finnish Language (Finland)
• Day of Valor, also known as the "Bataan Day" (the Philippines)
• Occupation of Denmark (Denmark)
• Vimy Ridge Day, commemorating the Battle of Vimy Ridge. (Canada)
• World Konkani Day (Goa)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

Categories: Days of the year | April

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