Procopius (Usurper) Information
Procopius (c. 325 / 326 – 27 May 366) was a Roman usurper against Valens, and member of the Constantinian dynasty.
Contents |
Life
According to Ammianus Marcellinus, Procopius spent his youth in Cilicia,[1] probably in Corycus.[2] On his mother's side, Procopius was related to Emperor Julian.[3] His wife was probably Artemisia,[4] while the Roman general of the 5th century Procopius and his son, the Emperor Anthemius, were among his descendants.[5]
In 358, during Constantius II reign, he was sent with Lucillianus as an envoy to the Sasanid court; in this period he was tribunus and notarius.[6]
Procopius entered in Julian's retinue[6] and took part in his campaign against the Sasanids, in 363. Together with Sebastianus, he was entrusted with controlling the upper Tigris with 30,000 men and, if possible, joining King Arsaces II of Armenia and march southward, to reach Julian's army in Assyria.[7] However, Julian died and, when Procopius reached the main Roman army near Thilsaphata, between Nisibis and Singara, he met the new emperor, Jovian.
According to Zosimus, Julian had given Procopius an imperial robe, explaining his act only to him. When Jovian was acclaimed Emperor, Procopius gave him the robe, revealed him Julian's intention, and asked the new Emperor of being allowed to retire to private life; Jovian accepted, and Procopius and his family retired to Caesarea Mazaca.[8]
Ammianus, who based part of his account on the testimony of Strategius, tells that a baseless rumor spread, according to which Julian had ordered Procopius to take the purple in case of his death. Fearing Jovian's wrath, who had caused the death of another army candidate to the throne (Jovianus), Procopius went into hiding, but later supervised the transport of Julian's body to Tarsus and its subsequent burial,[9] and only later went to Caesarea with his family.[10]
After Jovian's death, the new emperors, Valentinian I and Valens, sent some soldiers to arrest Procopius. He surrendered, but asked to meet his family; he had his captors dine and drink, and then seized the opportunity to flee with his family, first to the Black Sea and later to the Tauric Chersonese, where they hid. However, Procopius feared a betrayal, and decide to go to Constantinople, to ask to Strategius for help.[11]
Procopius immediately moved to declare himself Emperor. He bribed two legions that were resting at Constantinople to support his efforts, and took control of the imperial city. Shortly after this he proclaimed himself Emperor on September 28, 365, and quickly took control of the provinces of Thrace, and later Bithynia.
Valens was left with the task of dealing with this rebel, and over the next months struggled with both cities and units that wavered in their allegiance. Eventually their armies met at the Battle of Thyatira, and Procopius' forces were defeated. He fled the battlefield, but was betrayed to Valens by two of his remaining followers. Valens had all three executed 27 May 366.
Notes
- ^ Ammianus Marcellinus, XXVI.6.1
- ^ Tim Cornell and John Matthews, Atlas of the Roman World (New York and Oxford: Facts on File, Inc., 1982), p. 150.
- ^ Banchich.
- ^ PLRE I, p. 111-112.
- ^ Sidonius Apollinaris 2.67-69
- ^ a b Ammianus Marcellinus, XXVI.6.1.
- ^ Francois Paschoud, Zosime. Histoire Nouvelle (Paris: Société d'édition "Les Belles Lettres," 1979), II.1, n. 33, pp. 106-109.
- ^ Zosimus, IV.4.1-3.
- ^ Ammianus Marcellinus, XXV.9.12.
- ^ According to Philostorgius, since his wife could not bear their escape, Procopius went to Caesarea, but to live in one of Eunomius' properties (Historia Ecclesiastica 9.5).
- ^ Zosimus, IV.5.1-2.
References
External links
- Media related to Procopius at Wikimedia Commons
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Procopius |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 326 |
| Place of birth | Cilicia |
| Date of death | May 27, 366 |
| Place of death | |
Categories: 326 births | 366 deaths | 4th-century Roman usurpers | Constantinian dynasty
|